Macroeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Across the World Income Distribution
نویسندگان
چکیده
The macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were most severe for emerging market economies, representing middle world income distribution. This paper provides a quantitative economic theory why markets fared worse, on average, relative to advanced economies and low-income countries. To do so we adapt workhorse incomplete-markets macro model include epidemiological dynamics alongside key demographic characteristics that distinguish countries different levels. We focus in particular differences lockdown stringency, public insurance programs, age distributions, healthcare capacity, sectoral composition employment. calibrated correctly predicts larger output losses greater fatalities matching data. Quantitatively, especially poorly due their high employment share occupations requiring social interactions low level pubic transfers, which leads economically vulnerable households continue working rather than sheltering at home. Low-income relatively better mainly younger populations, whom are less susceptible disease, agricultural sectors, require fewer interactions.
منابع مشابه
Covid 19: The Worst Health Calamity Of The World
The world has experienced an increased incidence and transboundary spread of emerging infectious diseases due to population growth, urbanization and globalization over the past four decades. Most of these newly emerging and re-emerging pathogens are viruses. On an average, more than two new species of viruses infecting humans are reported worldwide every year most of which are likely to be RNA ...
متن کاملThe World Income Distribution
We show that even in the absence of diminishing returns in production and technological spillovers, international trade leads to a stable world income distribution. This is because specialization and trade introduce de facto diminishing returns: countries that accumulate capital faster than average experience declining export prices, depressing the rate of return to capital and discouraging fur...
متن کاملDebraj Ray Income Distribution and Macroeconomic Behavior
There are an infinite number of generations, one at each date. In each period t a member of generation receives an income w, which depends on the proportions of the population in different skill categories, as well as the skill category to which this member belongs. This income is partly consumed and partly used in educating the offspring of this member. Depending on the education level of the ...
متن کاملthe effects of macroeconomic indicators on the income distribution in iran
in order to estimate the effects of the macrc~econornic indicators on the income distribution of iran, the time series data during the period of 1971-1991 were used. first the yammetric inequality indicators (the gini coefficients) were estimated for the years 1991-1972. the results show the lowest level of inequality in 1980 with g=0.42 and the highest level in 1982 with g=0.55. arzulysing the...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: IMF Economic Review
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2041-4161', '2041-417X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-022-00182-8